Docbook45 Outputs DocBook XML 4.5 markup. Compatibility tables for support of HTML5, CSS3, SVG and other technologies in various browsers. ![]() W3. Schools' CSS reference is tested regularly with all major browsers. CSS Properties. CSS Property Groups. CSS Lesson 2: How To Create Your First CSS File. Today we are going to write and save our first CSS file. Now, back in your text editing program save your document as “style. Linking CSS File to an HTML Page. Our new CSS file is worthless if we don’t apply it to a web page. Getting Started with Fonts and Typography. When you approach the topic of web typography for the first time, you can quickly become overwhelmed.Let’s recap your CSS knowledge so far. If you have your CSS in an external file, then it's often convenient to display an image that's used frequently across the site (such as a header image) as a. Referencing the value of a cell, not its formula. In Excel, I will use formulas quite frequently for my analysis. At times I want to reference the resulting value of the formula for a comparison or to feed another formula. Unfortunately, if you are doing a comparison, Excel will try to compare the formula instead of the formulas results. Sections of CSS can be included and excluded on the basis of. A modular CSS framework for truly flexible, accessible and responsive websites. Edit the markdown source for 'features-overview' As an extension to CSS, Less is not only backwards compatible with CSS, but the extra features it adds use existing. Take a look at the included index.html file for a preview of all icons included in the set. You are free to use the icons in the way that makes most sense to. Well, turns out there is an easy way to correct this. If you want your formula result to be a number, then use the VALUE function. If you want the formula result to be text, use the TEXT function. Here is the syntax for each: VALUE(text)TEXT(value,format. By wrapping the formula with VALUE, I can now compare the number to other numbers in my lookup table.=TEXT(IF(ISERROR(INDEX('Language Lookup'! B$2: $B$3. 7,MATCH(B2,'Language Lookup'! B$2: $B$3. 7,MATCH(B2,'Language Lookup'! Remember the syntax above, I use. Styling – SVG 1. 1 (Second Edition)Contents. SVG's styling properties. SVG uses styling properties to. Styling properties. SVG content are to be. SVG uses styling properties for the following: Parameters which are clearly visual in nature and thus. Examples include all attributes. Except for any. additional SVG- specific rules explicitly mentioned in this. CSS and XSL is the definition of the property from. CSS2 specification. A table that lists and summarizes the styling properties can. Property Index. 6. Usage scenarios for styling. SVG has many usage scenarios, each with different needs. Since. support for a particular style sheet language is not. SVG content can be fully specified without the use of. SVG content generated as the output from XSLT: XSLT offers the ability to take a stream of arbitrary. XML content as input, apply potentially complex. SVG content as output. It is a requirement that fully specified SVG content. XSLT. SVG content styled with CSS: CSS is a widely implemented declarative language for. XML content, including SVG. It is a requirement that CSS styling. SVG content. 6. 3 Alternative ways to specify styling properties. Styling properties can be assigned to SVG elements in the. Presentation attributes. Styling properties can be assigned using SVG's presentation attributes. For each. styling property defined in this specification, there is a. XML presentation attribute available on all. SVG elements. Detailed information on the. Specifying. properties using the presentation attributes. The presentation attributes are style sheet language. Because it is. straightforward to assign values to XML attributes from. XSLT, the presentation attributes are well- suited to usage. SVG generation from XSLT). For more information, see Styling with. CSS. Conforming. SVG Interpreters and Conforming SVG. Viewers that support CSS styling of generic (i. XML content are required to also support CSS styling. SVG content. 6. 4 Specifying properties using the presentation. For each styling property defined in this specification (see. Property Index), there is a. XML attribute (the presentation attribute) with the same. SVG elements. For. SVG has a . There is a corresponding. The. rectangle will be filled with red and outlined with blue: < ? All versions of Conforming SVG. Interpreters and Conforming SVG. Viewers are required to support the presentation. Simplicity. Styling properties can be. Restyling. SVG content that uses the. XSLT . In some. cases, XSLT can be used to generate fully styled SVG content. In. other situations, such as when an XSLT style sheet generates. SVG content from semantically rich XML source files, the. Depending on the situation. Styling attached to content. The. presentation attributes are attached directly to particular. Flattened data model. In and of. themselves, the presentation attributes do not offer the. The. result is that, in many cases, important higher level. Potential increase in file size. Many. types of graphics use similar styling properties across. For example, a company organization chart. Styling. systems such as CSS allow collections of properties to be. With the styling attributes, it might. Potential difficulty when embedded into a. CSS- styled parent document. When SVG content is. XML, and the desire is to style all aspects. CSS, use of the presentation. In this. case, it is sometimes easier if the SVG content does not use. CSS. facilities. For user agents that support CSS, the presentation. CSS style rules. according to rules described in. Precedence of non- CSS presentational hints. The presentation attributes. CSS2 cascade. as if they were replaced by corresponding CSS style. In general, this means that the. CSS. style rules specified in author style sheets or . In this case. the CSS cascade does not apply. See Property inheritance.)An ! Thus, the same effect. Type=. Other times, XSL style sheets will take non- SVG content. SVG content as output. The following example uses an external XSL style sheet to. SVG content into modified SVG content (see Referencing. The style sheet sets the. The following. example uses an internal CSS style sheet to achieve the same. Placing. internal CSS style sheets within CDATA blocks is. CSS style sheets can include. Just like the. previous example, the rectangle will be filled with red and. See Text selection. For the purposes of aural media, SVG represents a. CSS- stylable XML grammar. In user agents that support aural. CSS aural style properties can be applied. CSS2 (. CSS property declarations specified either in. CSS style sheets or in a . Keyword. values, such as italic in. However, to. promote consistency across the different ways for expressing. CSS's ability to ignore. Facilities from CSS and XSL used by SVGSVG shares various relevant properties and approaches common. CSS and XSL, plus the semantics of many of the processing. SVG shares the following facilities with CSS and XSL: 6. Referencing external style sheets. External style sheets are referenced using the mechanism. Associating Style Sheets with XML documents Version 1. The style sheet language is. Animatable. no. media = media- descriptors. This attribute specifies the intended destination. It may be a single media. The default value for. The set of recognized. CSS2. (. For example, with. CSS, rules can be declared within a . Any number of elements may be assigned. Multiple class names must be. Animatable. yes. The . The element may be said. A class name may be shared by. Messages appear in both. English and French versions. When CSS styling is used, CSS inline style is. See SVG's. styling properties for a list of CSS defined properties. Attribute definitions: style = style. This attribute specifies style information for the. The style attribute specifies style. The style sheet language. If the style will be reused for. For optimal flexibility, authors should define. An example showing the . That language must then be used for all instances of style that. The value content- type specifies a media. MIME Part Two: Media Types. XSL style sheets are typically external. If a new style sheet language becomes popular, it might not use style attributes and could easily declare which language is in use with the type attribute on the style element. The use of content. Style. Type is therefore deprecated; new content should not use it. Future versions of the SVG specification may remove content. Style. Type. 6. 1. Property inheritance. Whether or not the user agent supports CSS, property. SVG follows the property inheritance rules. CSS2 specification. The normative definition for. Inheritance section. CSS2 specification (. For specified values. For specified values which use certain relative units. Thus, if the parent element has a . In cases where the referenced value for. SVG. units (i. e., CSS units or user units), such as when a. Note that SVG has some facilities wherein a property which. The key concept is that property assignment. After. properties values have been assigned to the various elements. The scope/range of styles. The following define the scope/range of style sheets: Stand- alone SVG document. There is one parse tree. Style sheets defined anywhere. SVG document (in style elements or style. SVG. document. Stand- alone SVG document embedded in an HTML or. XML document with the . Style sheets defined anywhere within the. SVG document. To. Style sheets. defined anywhere within the XML document (in style elements. SVG. namespace. To get different styling for the SVG part, use the. In user agents that support CSS aural style. The Asset Pipeline — Ruby on Rails Guides. What is the Asset Pipeline? The asset pipeline provides a framework to concatenate and minify or compress. Java. Script and CSS assets. It also adds the ability to write these assets in. Coffee. Script, Sass and ERB. For example, jquery- rails includes a copy of jquery. AJAX features in Rails. The asset pipeline is implemented by the. You can disable it while creating a new application by. Also. creating an application with the - -skip- sprockets option will generate. You will have to remove. Web browsers are. Sprockets concatenates all Java. Script files into one master . CSS files into one master . As you'll learn later in this guide, you. In production. Rails inserts an MD5 fingerprint into each filename so that the file is cached. You can invalidate the cache by altering this fingerprint. The second feature of the asset pipeline is asset minification or compression. For Java. Script. You can choose from a set of built in. The third feature of the asset pipeline is it allows coding assets via a. Supported. languages include Sass for CSS, Coffee. Script for Java. Script, and ERB for both by. What is Fingerprinting and Why Should I Care? Fingerprinting is a technique that makes the name of a file dependent on the. When the file contents change, the filename is also. For content that is static or infrequently changed, this provides an. When a filename is unique and based on its content, HTTP headers can be set to. CDNs, at ISPs, in networking equipment. When the content is. This will cause the remote clients to. This is generally known as cache busting. The technique sprockets uses for fingerprinting is to insert a hash of the. For example a CSS file global. This is the strategy adopted by the Rails asset pipeline. Rails' old strategy was to append a date- based query string to every asset linked. In the source the generated code looked like this. The query string strategy has several disadvantages: Not all caches will reliably cache content where the filename only differs by. Steve Souders recommends. He found that in this. Query strings in particular do not. CDNs for cache invalidation. The file name can change between nodes in multi- server environments. The default query string in Rails 2. When assets are deployed to a cluster, there is no guarantee that the. Too much cache invalidation. When static assets are deployed with each new release of code, the mtime. Fingerprinting fixes these problems by avoiding query strings, and by ensuring. Fingerprinting is enabled by default for both the development and production. You can enable or disable it in your configuration through the. More reading: 2 How to Use the Asset Pipeline. In previous versions of Rails, all assets were located in subdirectories of. With the asset. pipeline, the preferred location for these assets is now the app/assets. Files in this directory are served by the Sprockets middleware. Assets can still be placed in the public hierarchy. Any assets under public. You should use app/assets for. In production, Rails precompiles these files to public/assets by default. The. precompiled copies are then served as static assets by the web server. The files. in app/assets are never served directly in production. Controller Specific Assets. When you generate a scaffold or a controller, Rails also generates a Java. Script. file (or Coffee. Script file if the coffee- rails gem is in the Gemfile) and a. Cascading Style Sheet file (or SCSS file if sass- rails is in the Gemfile). Additionally, when generating a scaffold, Rails generates. Gemfile.)For example, if you generate a Projects. Controller, Rails will also add a new. By default these files will be ready. See. Manifest Files and Directives for more details. See. Precompiling Assets for more information on how. You must have an Exec. JS supported runtime in order to use Coffee. Script. Check Exec. JS documentation to know all supported Java. Script runtimes. You can also disable generation of controller specific asset files by adding the. Keep in mind that third party. Pipeline (images. See. Precompiling Assets for guidance. Search Paths. When a file is referenced from a manifest or a helper, Sprockets searches the. The default locations are: the images, javascripts and stylesheets. For example, these files. Assets inside subdirectories can also be accessed. For example. config. Rails. root. join(. By default. this means the files in app/assets take precedence, and will mask. It is important to note that files you want to reference outside a manifest must. Using Index Files. Sprockets uses files named index (with the relevant extensions) for a special. For example, if you have a j. Query library with many modules, which is stored in. This file could include a list of. If a file. exists at public/assets/rails. Alternatively, a request for a file with an MD5 hash such as. How these hashes are generated is covered in the In. Production section later on in this guide. Sprockets will also look through the paths specified in config. Rails. engines. Images can also be organized into subdirectories if required, and then can be. This includes linking to a blank string. As such, be careful using. This means if you add an. CSS asset (for example, application. In this example. it would make sense to have an image in one of the asset load paths, such as. If this image is. If you want to use a data URI - . CSS file - you can use. With. these directives, Sprockets loads the files specified, processes them if. Rails. application. By serving. one file rather than many, the load time of pages can be greatly reduced because. Compression also reduces file size, enabling. For example, a new Rails application includes a default. In the above case. The require. directive is used to tell Sprockets the files you wish to require. Here, you are. requiring the files jquery. You need not supply the extensions explicitly. These paths must be. You can also use the. You should not rely on any particular. If you need to ensure some particular Java. Script ends up. above some other in the concatenated file, require the prerequisite file first. Note that the family of require directives prevents files. Rails also creates a default app/assets/stylesheets/application. The directives that work in Java. Script files also work in stylesheets. Java. Script files). This puts the CSS contained within the. When using Sprockets directives, Sass files exist within. You can do file globbing as well using @import . Check the sass- rails documentation for more info and important caveats. You can have as many manifest files as you need. For example, the admin. JS and CSS files that are used for the. The same remarks about ordering made above apply. In particular, you can specify. For example, you. CSS files together this way. The example used before was a controller called . When asset pipelining is enabled, these files are preprocessed and. Rails app or. web server. Additional layers of preprocessing can be requested by adding other extensions. These should be. used in the order the processing should be applied. For example, a stylesheet. ERB. then SCSS, and finally served as CSS. The same applies to a Java. Script file - . app/assets/javascripts/projects. ERB, then. Coffee. Script, and served as Java. Script. Keep in mind the order of these preprocessors is important. For example, if. you called your Java. Script file app/assets/javascripts/projects. Coffee. Script interpreter first, which. ERB and therefore you would run into problems. In Development. In development mode, assets are served as separate files in the order they are. This manifest app/assets/javascripts/application. HTML. < script src=. To disable this behavior you can set. With debug mode turned off the manifest above would. By default Rails assumes assets have been precompiled and will be. During the precompilation phase an MD5 is generated from the contents of the. If there are no digests in the filenames, and far- future. Precompiling Assets. Rails comes bundled with a task to compile the asset manifests and other.
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